Water for Shared Prosperity: From New York to Bali | Briefing in Preparation of the 10th World Water Forum

About the Event

Water is a critical resource for all life on Earth, both for humans and nature. We depend on healthy, functioning ecosystems for our water security. They provide us with a plethora of goods, services, and well-being.

In Geneva, water is discussed in various fora (human rights, humanitarian, health, meteorology, disaster prevention, nature conservation, economy, peace, pollution, etc.) and numerous organizations (UN, intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, business organizations, academic) focus on water issues, making this region a strategic hub for global water governance.

Ahead of the 2^nd Stakeholder Consultation meeting on the 10^th World Water Forum (2024), taking place in Bali, Indonesia on 12 to 13 October 2023, this event provided updates on the outcomes of the UN Water Conference that took place in March 2023, and stakeholders’ perspectives on the way forward to the Forum. It will also address the water-related outcomes of the UN Climate Change Conference.

The event was organized by the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Indonesia and the Permanent Mission of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the UN in Geneva, and the Geneva Environment Network.

Speakers

By order of intervention. 

H.E. Amb. Febrian A. RUDDYARD

Permanent Representative of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations, World Trade Organizations, and Other International Organizations in Geneva

H.E. Amb. Paul BEKKERS

Permanent Representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the UN, WTO and other international organizations in Geneva

Abdallah Mohamed Mohamed MOWAFY

Deputy Permanent Representative of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva

Johannes CULLMANN

Vice-Chair, UN Water | Scientific advisor to the President of the UN General Assembly, WMO

Endra S. ATMAWIDJAJA

Secretariat of NOC of the 10th World Water Forum

Ahmed TAYIA

Minister Plenipotentiary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Arab Republic of Egypt

Sonja KOEPPEL

Secretary, UN Water Convention Secretariat

Pedro ARROJO-AGUDO

UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation

Noura KAYAL

Lead Diplomatic and International Relationship Specialist, Geneva Water Hub | Moderator

Highlights

Video

Live from Palais des Nations.

Live from the room

Summary

To be continued.

Opening Remarks

H.E. Amb. Febrian A. RUDDYARD | Permanent Representative of the Republic of Indonesia to the UN, WTO, and other international organizations in Geneva

Water is critical resource of all life on Earth for both human and nature. Because of that, water should not only be considered as commodity but a political priority. “Water is politics” at all level: International, national and local. These priorities require action and solution, which are themselves political.

Water is even more important in the midst of the current population growth and climate change, and is considered as one of the most important solution to address the triple planetary crisis.

Acknowledging the importance of water for our future and to achieve SDGs, Indonesia hosts the 10 World Water Forum (WWF). The event is very timelined since next year 10 world water forum is already in front of us: the process and the consultation has started which includes political, thematical, and regional processes.

In addition to the preparation and process of the 10 WWF during today’s discussion we will also listen very substantive presentation on the Forum from the perspective of 2023 UN Water Conference, from the perspective of the UNFCCC climate change negotiation, from the perspective of the 1992 water convention and last but not least from the most important perspective of Human Rights.

In connecting all the process regarding to issue, I would like to state some key points:

1. We should promote synergy between all forums and international organization taking care of water issues to complement one another instead of duplication and competition.
2. We should continue to enhance our cooperation and recalibrate our action to achieve water related SDG goal and to be part of the solution, particularly in supporting means of implementation for developing countries and discussing more concrete action.

We look forward to seeing you all at the 10th WWF in Bali next May 2024 and also to the upcoming second WWF consultative stakeholders meeting in Bali this October.

H.E. Amb. Paul BEKKERS | Permanent Representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the UN, WTO and other international organizations in Geneva

There is a shared history of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and Indonesia, and a connection on water as we are both fighting sea level rise.

The name of the country (Netherlands) relates to the level we are in relation to the Sea. In the Netherlands, children babies learn to swim before they learned to walk, because water is a friend and foe.

• A friend as our very small country is the second largest export of agricultural goods due to an abundance of water.
• A foe as water is everywhere, so babies learn to swim because they will encounter water at an early age and need to be able to protect themselves.

The recent State visit of our King and Queen in Indonesia included water quality and ecotourism when they visited Lake Toba in Sumatra

The water forum is also very important in relation to the UN-23 Water Conference that the Netherlands hosted together with Tajikistan. It was a watershed moment with more than 800 commitments and a good water action agenda. It is important to keep the momentum going, making the WWF so important.

Together with Tajikistan and Senegal, the kingdom of the Netherlands has co-facilitating a resolution that requests a UN system-wide strategy on water sanitation. The resolution was adopted in New York on 1 September 2023 (A/77/L.106).

Abdallah Mohamed Mohamed MOWAFY | Deputy Permanent Representative of the Arab Republic of Egypt to the United Nations Office and other international organizations in Geneva

Egypt has long cold for a comprehensive approach to addressing water issues in a more holistic manner that breaks the silence of water, climate, human rights, and sustainable development as well as brings together member states, the UN system, and other stakeholders to help improve access to water for human rights, peace, climate resilience, and for life.

This holistic approach to water issues is highlighted in Egypt’s strong interest in advancing water issues in the different multilateral forums:

• In Geneva, Egypt worked with the permanent missions of Ecuador, Fiji, Hungary, and Jordan to deliver a joint statement on the global Water Crisis at the 46th session of the Human Rights Council, followed by a series of high-level events organized in partnership with WMO.
• An effort on the global water crisis culminated during the 15th session of the Human Rights Council in June 2022, where 70 countries joined the joint statement on strengthening the UN conference on the midterm comprehensive review of the implementation of the objectives of the international decade for action for water, requesting the OHCHR to remain actively engaged in the process leading up to the 2023 UN Water Conference and to continue reporting on the promotion and protection of Human Rights related to water.
• Egypt together with Senegal, Tajikistan, and the Netherlands organized the first-ever Geneva water dialogue encouraging Geneva-based actors to identify their contributions and commitments for the water action agenda.
• COP27 presidency Egypt was keen on placing water at the heart of the climate agenda especially through the launch of the Action on Water Adaptation and Resilience initiative.
• Egypt also highlighted the holistic approach to water issues during its strong engagement in the UN 2023 Water Conference. With Japan, Egypt cultured an interactive dialogue on water for climate resilience and environment

I would like to stress the need for a whole-of-society approach to advance all these efforts forward in the upcoming global events including the 10th World Water Forum.

Outcome of the UN Water Conference

Johannes CULLMANN | Vice-Chair, UN-Water | Scientific advisor to the President of the UN General Assembly, WMO

Major Aspirations of the UN23WC | The UN 2023 Water conference called for four major aspirations:

1. Water must be at the heart of the political discussion globally because it is so important for so many of the SDGs as underscored by Antonio Gutierrez’s closing speech.
2. Water must be a catalyzer for human health for the environmental sustainability, and for economic activities rather than a threat. We want make water a positive agent for sustainable development.
3. The water cycle is a global common good.
4. The human right to access to safe water and sanitation has been accepted, formulated, but not yet implemented. That is unacceptable and it must be changed with priority.

Mandated outcomes | Apart from those major aspirations has two mandated outcomes:

1. The water action agenda. At the moment we have 832 voluntary commitments in this water action agenda, which is a tool that can make a change in terms of implementing water action. The agenda will be monitored by the UN system. A session will be surely organized by the Netherlands, and Tajikistan in Bali on the water action agenda.
2. A second mandated outcome from the president’s summary highlights some of the main game changers that we need to implement and to transform the way we address water.

The game changers

1. The need to integrate water and climate policies.
2. COPs in Egypt and in the UAE 28 will be milestones in making water a major topic to look for in the integration of water and climate policies by 2030.
3. We agreed in the conference for a global water information system by 2030 to make sure that the information that we need is available to manage water in an integrated way for agriculture, energy, transport, health, to the fullest and to the benefit of the people.
4. Early warnings for all by 2027 and the information system by 2030 are two very concrete initiatives formulated by the Secretary-General.
5. Making sure that sustainable economic development and especially food production need to be decoupled from water consumption to be able to provide secure water and food for the growing population. We need to evaluate water together with societal and environmental values, as a commission led by Singapore in the Netherlands is doing.
6. Education is a game changer. There is a call and discussion for a Global Water Education Network.
7. Strengthened water cooperation through legal tools and conventions. Transboundary water cooperation is key.

Coming from the UN system reform on water:

• We are calling for a system-wide strategy in the UN to do joint planning instead of coordinating all the different parts of the UN system.
• There is a need for an intergovernmental process on water in New York, contained in the resolution that was adopted on Friday.

Additional Expectations | It is very important we have a similar process for biodiversity, which we need to take into account. We need integrative systems where different partners can come together to support and strengthen the water action agenda but also form coalitions for those game changers, starting by implementing the easiest (water information system, early warning, education).

The beauty of the World Water Forum is that we have so many stakeholders, wide coalitions working together and hopefully a wide engagement. This is a big chance to strengthen the community that is behind the water action agenda and the game changers that have been discussed and recommended in the New York Conference in March.

Preparation for the 10th World Water Forum (and 2nd Stakeholders Consultation)

Endra S. ATMAWIDJAJA | Secretariat of NOC of the 10th World Water Forum

The 10th World Water Forum (WWF) will be held in less than a year, so we are now in a full swing to make this event in Bali a crucial moment.

Mission & Milestones of the World Water Forum | It is the largest international forum in the water sector involving various stakeholders. It is held every three years, last one being in Senegal. It is a process permitting water to become a concern for politics. The message is clear that “water is politics,” underlining that only the commitment and will of the political actors will make the concrete deliverables possible.

Organizational Structure | The National Organizing Committee with the World Water Council, under the leadership of our president Joko Widodo, will work with relevant global and local partners to bring about impacts for addressing multiple water issues sectors in the world.

President Joko Widodo has become a water messenger to the heads of State during the G20 meeting held in Bali last year. The objectives of the water messengers are to mobilize actors across stakeholders to support the political process and outcomes of the Forum.

Roadmap towards the 10th WWF 2024 | As the preparatory milestone towards the 10th WWF, we have held the kickoff meeting or the first stakeholder consultation meeting that was successfully held on 15 to 16 February 2023 in Jakarta, with more than 1 400 participants from over 58 countries that attended this event.

Themes and Sub-Themes | As a result of the first consultative meeting, the 10th WWF will compose of three processes: political, regional, and thematic processes.

The political process will be divided into five levels: Heads of States, parliamentarians, ministerial process that will work with UNESCO facilitation, local authorities in cooperation with United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) (The government of Indonesia signed the agreement with the UCLG  in New York during the UN Water Conference.), and basin authorities.

The outcome of the political process is the ministerial declaration.

The regional process will be divided into five regions Mediterranean (Mediterranean Water Institute as a coordinator), Asia-Pacific region (Pacific Water forum and Asia Water Council), America region (coordinated by the Inter-American Development Bank IDB), African region (led by AMCOW), and another to be defined.

The thematic process consists of six sub-teams:

• Water security and prosperity, led by AquaFed,
• Water for human and nature, led by the World Water Council,
• Disaster reduction and management, led by ICHARM/HELP and BMKG,
• Governance cooperation and hydro diplomacy will, led by OECD,
• Sustainable water Finance, led by ADB and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Republic of Indonesia,
• Knowledge and Innovations will be led by UNESCO.

Three processes have been well progressing from the first announcement up to recently, so we are ready to work with these partners starting from the second stakeholder consultative meeting in Bali next month.

Indonesia International Participation ­| Indonesia has also actively participated in various international events like UN Water Summit in Paris, UN Water Conference in New York, UN Habitat Conference in Nairobi, HELP meeting, Asia Water Council in South Korea, International Conference and Water and Climate in Morocco, World Water Week in Stockholm.

The National Organizing Committee will also participate in very important international events: Water Congress in Beijing, Latin America Forum in Panama, COP28 in Dubai, and the Mediterranean Water Forum in Tunisia.

Preparations of the 10th WWF | The upcoming preparations agenda for the 10 WWF is the second stakeholder consultation meeting (October 12 to 13) that will be held in InterContinental Resort Bali with an inclusive program. 800 participants are targeted to attend this consultative meeting.

• It will be the place for the stakeholders to participate in the political thematic and regional processes,
• To bring in results of discussions of each working group,
• To plan the Forum week and beyond with a developed agenda,
• To have an updated exchange of detailed political automatic and regional issues,
• And to have in-depth discussions with process working groups on how to plan Forum Week with final concrete deliverables including follow-up actions after the Forum.

Detailed information regarding the second stakeholder consultation meeting as well as the 10th WWF registrations are available on our website. We look forward to your participation in prioritizing the political agenda and identifying primary themes as well as regional needs to spare water for safe prosperity. The Forum is complementary to other processes at the multi-level Forum as well as intergovernmental processes.

We are here for prosperity and water is the engine to make it happen. We are ready to collaborate with you to bring concrete, achievable, and impactful deliverables. We kindly invite you all to be part of the processes and actively participate and engage since the second stakeholder consultations meeting in October 2023, and May in Bali 2024.

From Sharm El Sheikh to Bali: Water and Climate Action

Ahmed TAYIA | Minister Plenipotentiary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Arab Republic of Egypt

The road of water and climate action | Egypt is one of the most arid countries in the world with an annual rainfall of 18 millimeters. Theoretically, without the Nile, which supplies most of the country’s water, Egypt would be uninhabited. The country is the second most dependent country on external water resources with a dependency ratio of more than 98%.

The water per capita (584 liters/day) is far below Global Water Poverty Line of 1000 cubic meters and we are expected to fall below the Extreme Water Poverty Line in two years.

Egypt is facing a compound water and climate security challenge. Its aridity makes it one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, and as the most downswing country to the Nile River, Egypt will be affected not only by the climate change impacts on the country but also on 10 other countries.

Egypt water and climate action | Egypt is working actively on the water and climate action path. As a clear vision took time to emerge, Egypt muddled through until it knew its way.

• The Ministry of Water Resources and Navigation started to organize annual versions of a type of Water Week in 2018.
• Our permanent missions in Geneva and New York started to play an active role in various water activities and became leaders in the Geneva Water Community. They played an active role in the preparation in pushing for the approval of the New York 2023 Conference and its preparation.

We have been able to participate in advancing the multilateral water track, notably by hosting the COP27.

• We brought water to the heart of climate action and organized the second Water Pavilion in collaboration with our partners.
• We organized the first high-level round table on Water Security which called for developing a strategy to ensure universal access to safe water and sanitation.
• We organized the first thematic day on water, which emphasized that water is part of the solution to climate change. This water day came out with 10 key messages brought to the New York 2023 conference.
• We launched our initiative with three goals that respond to the needs of water and climate action. Six workstreams illustrating dimensions of the water and climate action, starting with water consumption, green water accounting, basin-wide adaptation…
• We called for universal access to early warning systems and linking water National Water policies with National Climate action

These initiatives introduced the first water text in the covering decision of COP27. We considered this as a founding moment in the path of water and climate action.

Perspective of the future of water and climate action | After COP27,

• We reinforced the relationships between the multilateral water track (New York 2023 water conference) and the COP process. This is an opportunity to build interlinkages between the two tracks.
• We led and coordinated the interactive dialogue on water for climate resilience and the environment to come out with key messages aiming to reinforce the interlinkages between the two tracks.
• We succeeded in achieving it. As an example one of the key messages of the interactive dialogue was to a call for developing a water-related intercom process, a moment where the two tracks (UN Water multilateral water track and the COP track) started to come together, be interlinked, and reinforce each other.

A third track is needed, to be interlinked with the two other tracks.

From New York to Bali: The Water Convention Perspective

Sonja KOEPPEL | Secretary, UN Water Convention

More than 60% of all freshwater resources are shared by two or more countries, and more than 40% of the world population lives in such basins making transboundary water cooperation crucial for sustainable development, peace and climate action. It was included in the “game changers” of the UN Water conference

Indicator 6.5.2 on transboundary water cooperation | In 2020, 129 out of 253 countries sharing transboundary waters positively submitted reports (second reporting exercise on the dedicated SDG indicator 6.5.2 and transboundary cooperation). Though, only 24 countries worldwide meet the related SDG Target. Progress must be accelerated in order to meet them. Now in the phase of the third reporting exercise by UNESCO and UNECE, we encourage countries who are here and who have not yet submitted replies to submit them in the coming weeks.

UN-Water Conference: Outcomes on cooperation on transboundary waters | At the global level, the UN-Water Conference brought very important momentum for transboundary cooperation.

• More than 70 countries have mentioned the topic in their plenary statements,
• More than 40 commitments on transboundary water cooperation were submitted to the water action agenda.
• One of the five interactive dialogues was dedicated to the topic of water for cooperation quoted by, Switzerland and Sénégal.
• Two countries have joined the water convention during this conference (Nigeria and Iraq).
• More than 20 other countries have shown their willingness to accede, as the United Nations Secretary General has encouraged countries to do so.

Water Convention | Is a unique global, legal, and intergovernmental framework and platform for transboundary water cooperation.

A growing momentum for accession: more than 130 active countries and 52 parties. Nigeria, Iraq, Namibia, Panama and The Gambia have recently joined and Cote d’Ivoire or Sierra Leone will follow.

Much of the benefit of the Water Convention is due to its institutional framework with a meeting of the parties at its topping (the next one being in Slovenia), working groups, task force on water and climate (coated by the Netherlands and Switzerland).

Those different bodies help to implement the program of work, decided by the meeting of the parties, which helps countries to address different challenges related to transboundary cooperation: exchange of data; management water in an intersectoral way between water, food, energy; demands for water adaptation to climate change; finance transboundary operation.

Activities are implemented at national / basin / regional and global levels. At global level, publications and guidance material have been prepared, helping countries to develop agreements, to adapt to climate change, or to address disaster risks.

Examples of direct support and action from the Water Convention

• Provide technical and political support to riparian countries to develop cooperative arrangements (e.g. Senegal),
• Support climate change adaptation in transboundary basins (Chu Talas in Central Asia, Dniester in Eastern Europe),
• Support the identification and assessment of the benefits of cooperation in shared basins,
• Support intersectoral dialogues and assessments through the application of the water-foo-energy ecosystems nexus approach.

9th World Water Forum: the topic of water cooperation is one of the priorities made by Senegal. The Water Convention Secretariat was involved in the preparations, organized multiple sessions and set up a transboundary water cooperation pavilion to present countries’ good practices and to discuss challenges and the way forward. We also tried to make a link between the Forum and UN Water conference by organizing with Senegal and the European Union a briefing for Missions.

With regard to the upcoming World Water Forum,

• The topic of governance and cooperation features among priority topics.
• We are a co-coordinator of a group on Transparent and accountable, institution and legal frameworks integrity and equity.
• We will organize a pre-event together with Global Water Partnership.

Conclusion ­| To further promote the momentum for transboundary cooperation and achieving the targets:

• Report if your countries have not yet done.
• Highlight the topic in Bali itself, and in the preparatory process and in other global events.
• Continue to offer the platform and framework of the water convention and also contribute to the preparatory process. Several events are planned under the water convention in the coming months and will help to contribute to the discussion leading up to Bali.
• Participate in the 10th meeting of the parties to the water convention in Slovenia.

From New York to Bali: A Human Rights Perspective

Pedro ARROJO-AGUDO | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation

Pedro ARROJO-AGUDO

The holding of the Water Conference in New York should have marked a history. Nearly 50 years after the Mar Del Plata conference in Argentina, the U.N convened a new conference in the midst of a global water crisis, with 2 billion people without warranted access to safe drinking water, and around 4 billion with a basic sanitation. A situation worsening day by day with ongoing climate change.

Over the last decades, the institutional weakness of the U.N on this Waterfront has been partly covered by the World Water Forums (WWF) in which many states and U.N institutions have been participating, but without any responsibility through the effective resolution of the service problem.

Three urgent needs | The New York Conference will be a historic milestone if both the UN and member states assume their responsibility to face the global water crisis by effectively addressing the three urgent needs.

1. The need for institutional strengthening of the UN to assume its proto-role in the effective realization of the human right to drinking water and sanitation, as established in Articles 11 and 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This includes

• Covering the right to an adequate standard living, and right to health (ESCR Committee General Comment 15).
• Complying with the 2010 General Assembly resolution which recognized the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right essential for the full enjoyment of life (A/RES/64/292).
• Create an institutional mechanism to follow up the Conference by creating a Special Envoy and to promote a Water Conference every two or three years under the responsibility of the UN.

2. The need to promote mainstreaming that strengthens the coherence and institutional coordination of the UN at international and national levels on the water front, from an integrated human rights-based approach, and under the principle of sustainability from the current climate change perspectives.

3. The need to open up spaces for effective participation in the mechanism created to follow up with the Conference and to rights holders. They are often criminalized and persecuted through defending their rights, with women at the forefront. Recognizing and giving right holders effective space for participation is key to accelerating the base of the SDG6 implementation. Their local voices and issues should be heard at the global level.

Expectations | The 10th WWF organized by Indonesia should actively address these needs. We must not forget the Forum cannot be a substitute for the UN. On the other hand, the WWF should be open to effective participation of all rights holders. This can be made possible by avoiding unaffordable registration costs for people without drinking water and sanitation, guaranteeing effective and essential social participation.

Discussion

Brazil | How do we balance the agenda between water management and water sanitation, so that the interest of the most vulnerable, affected by the lack of sanitation, is also taken into account?

Pedro ARROJO-AGUDO | When we talk about two billion people without guaranteed access to safe drinking water and sanitation, the majority is not properly thirsty people but very impoverished people living next to a polluted environment. That can be caused by mining activities, by industries, by agricultural practices, etc. It is also a problem in rich but a secondary issue not so politically profitable.

Sonja KOEPPEL | Sanitation has been long time under-discussed and under-tackled, as SDG targets show it. Investments are needed at a global level. We also have a unique instrument, the so-called Protocol on Water and Health, a joint instrument between WHO Europe and UNICE, which helps countries to address challenges related to sanitation.

Endra S. ATMAWIDJAJA | Lack of sanitations has been the major problem for many countries including Indonesia. The government of Indonesia and the water councils, and also as a result of the first stakeholder consultations meeting, has put sanitation issue as one of the point of this discussion.

China | In addition to the self-regulation of some countries, what binding mirrors can we take to preserve, avoid waste discharges and stop polluting the maritime environment to protect the ocean?

Endra S. ATMAWIDJAJA | Indonesia has been very much affected with solid waste (including plastic waste). The issue of water quality improvement and management will be discussed in the upcoming Bali forum.

Sonja KOEPPEL | A big majority of maritime pollution comes from upstream (rivers). It is important to tackle fresh water and oceans in an integrated manner. It is positive to see that this topic is gaining in modern attraction.

H.E. Amb. Paul BEKKERS | The issue of protecting oceans is very important and alarming. It is about water management, but also about CO2 containment. Alarming ecological transformation is also undergoing, as exemplified by the fact that a hundred million sharks are each year killed by commercial fishing.

H.E. Amb. Febrian A. RUDDYARD | We should find a nexus between ocean and water, to not becoming fragmented as we discuss water. If we can find the nexus, I think it will be a benefit for all of us.

The issue of a continuity and connectivity between all Water Forums has to be raised.  The forums are supposed to complement each other, and that issue needs to be discussed.  Concerning the issue of inclusivity, major stakeholders have to be able to say something and I’m expecting that the National Organizing Committee is also involving the local governments.

Closing

Pedro ARROJO-AGUDO | Bali can be important for the future if we are able to reinforce the results of the Water conference in New York and strengthen the capacities of the UN, with respect to water and sanitation services and water management.

Sonja KOEPPEL | Water is life and we need to mainstream water into other processes. Linking Bali to other Global events will be very important in my view, as well also giving a voice to those who don’t usually speak (civil society but also Indigenous people).

Ahmed TAYIA | Water management is fragmented over the hydrological cycle / the political borders and is extremely isolated from its ecosystem. I hope that Bali WWF can help in developing an ecosystem for water that connects all these segments in one integrated water management system.

Endra S. ATMAWIDJAJA | Indonesia with the Water Council encourages concrete steps to contribute to solving water issues in addition to the already existing mechanisms. We welcome you all in Bali with so many expectations and also inclusive spirits in the next uh October and May.

H.E. Amb. Febrian A. RUDDYARD | Water is no longer right water, it is a privilege. We should take care very carefully about it.

Photo Gallery

Links and Documents

• Presentations made during the event
• 10^th World Water Forum
• UN 2023 Water Conference
• UN-Water Publication | Progress on Transboundary Water Cooperation – 2021 Update
• The Water Cycle and the Role of Geneva | Geneva Environment Network